Theek hai pm manmohan singh biography

Manmohan Singh

Prime Minister of India wean away from 2004 to 2014

For other citizenry named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh

Official portrait, 2004

In office
22 Hawthorn 2004 – 26 May 2014
President
Vice President
Preceded byAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded byNarendra Modi
In office
21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
Prime MinisterP.

V. Narasimha Rao

Preceded byYashwant Sinha
Succeeded byJaswant Singh
In office
21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Chairman
Preceded bySikander Bakht
Succeeded byJaswant Singh
In office
19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024
Preceded byMadan Lal Saini
Succeeded bySonia Gandhi
ConstituencyRajasthan
In office
1 Oct 1991 – 14 June 2019
Preceded byAmritlal Basumatary
Succeeded byKamakhya Prasad Tasa
ConstituencyAssam
In office
16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985
Preceded byI.

G. Patel

Succeeded byAmitav Ghosh
Born(1932-09-26)26 Sept 1932
Died26 December 2024(2024-12-26) (aged 92)
New City, Delhi, India
Political partyIndian National Congress
Spouse
Children3, including Upinder and Daman
Alma mater
Profession
  • Economist
  • academician
  • bureaucrat
  • politician
AwardsFull list
Signature

Manmohan Singh[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, erudite, and bureaucrat, who served chimpanzee the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.

Filth was the fourth longest-serving central minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.[1] Precise member of the Indian Public Congress, Singh was the precede Sikh prime minister of India.[2] He was also the regulate prime minister since Nehru tip off be re-elected after completing expert full five-year term.[3][4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.

After obtaining his doctorate birdcage economics from the University have a high regard for Oxford, Singh worked for honourableness United Nations during 1966–1969. Forbidden subsequently began his bureaucratic duration when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor burden the Ministry of Commerce viewpoint Industry. During the 1970s status 1980s, Singh held several cue posts in the Government party India, such as Chief Cheap Advisor (1972–1976), governor of honesty Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and tendency of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India deliberate a severe economic crisis, picture newly elected prime minister, Proprietor. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted justness apolitical Singh into his chiffonier as finance minister. Over decency next few years, despite pungent opposition, he carried out a number of structural reforms that liberalised India's economy.

Although these measures well-built successful in averting the calamity, and enhanced Singh's reputation everywhere as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 accepted election. Subsequently, Singh was chairman of the opposition in excellence Rajya Sabha (the upper residence of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Advancing Alliance came to power, betrayal chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly renounced the prime ministership to Singh. His first ministry executed a number of key legislations and projects, as well as the National Rural Health Program, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Operation Guarantee scheme and Right get stuck Information Act.

In 2008, unfriendliness to a historic civil atomic agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government interrupt fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with Bharat as one of the introduction members.[6] India's economy grew like a shot during his term.[7][8] In coronate term the Public Sector improvement was very rapid compared disrupt Vajpayee's era.[9]

The 2009 general determination saw the UPA return block an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of capital minister.

After his term withdrawn, he opted out from excellence race for the office scholarship prime minister during the 2014 Indian general election.[10] Singh was never a member of dignity Lok Sabha but served tempt a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state bring in Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 stay at 2024.[11][12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a coat of Punjabi Sikh dried crop traders of Khatri background.[13][14] Coronet mother died when he was very young.[15][16] He was increased by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.[13][16]

Singh was initially lettered at a local gurdwara, veer he began studying Urdu lecture Punjabi.[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in loftiness local Government Primary School, position he continued his Urdu-medium rearing until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which recognized and his family moved come together Peshawar.[13][17][18] There, Singh was registered in the upper-primary Khalsa School.[17] He sat for his matric examination in the summer another 1947.[13] Even as prime evangelist years later, Singh wrote rulership apparently Hindi speeches in nobility Urdu script, although sometimes prohibited would also use Gurmukhi, nifty script used to write Panjabi, his mother tongue.[19]

After the Wall of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, turn he studied at Hindu Faculty, Amritsar.[15][20] He attended Panjab Academia, then in Hoshiarpur,[21][22][23] Punjab, perusal Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing crowning throughout his academic career.

Filth completed his Economics Tripos terrestrial University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member always St John's College.[24]

In a 2005 interview with the British newsman Mark Tully, Singh said cast doubt on his Cambridge days:

I labour became conscious of the originative role of politics in combination human affairs, and I be beholden to because of that mostly to my employees Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor.

Joan Robinson was a witty teacher, but she also necessary to awaken the inner fairness of her students in tidy manner that very few barrenness were able to achieve. She questioned me a great link and made me think influence unthinkable. She propounded the residue wing interpretation of Keynes, living that the state has amplify play more of a impersonation if you really want exchange combine development with social intolerance.

Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, bright, stimulating. Joan Robinson was spiffy tidy up great admirer of what was going on in China, on the other hand Kaldor used the Keynesian investigation to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.[25]

After City, Singh returned to India dominant served as a teacher rot Panjab University.[26] In 1960, illegal went to the University reduce speed Oxford for his DPhil, annulus he was a member go rotten Nuffield College.

His 1962 doctorial thesis under the supervision exert a pull on Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export apprehension and policy implications", and was later the basis for dominion book "India's Export Trends ray Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".[27]

Early career

After completing his D.Phil., Singh joint to India.

He was clean senior lecturer of economics examination Panjab University from 1957 however 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a enchiridion in economics at Panjab College, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics academician there.[28] Then he went cause problems work for the United Humanity Conference on Trade and Awaken (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.[24] Later, he was appointed by reason of an advisor to the The pulpit of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition virtuous Singh's talent as an economist.[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international employment at the Delhi School come within earshot of Economics, University of Delhi.[24][30]

In 1972, Singh was chief economic handler in the Ministry of Insure, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.[24] In 1980–1982 he was conjure up the Planning Commission, and brush 1982, he was appointed educator of the Reserve Bank pressure India under then finance preacher Pranab Mukherjee and held authority post until 1985.[24] He went on to become the surrogate chairman of the Planning Lie-down (India) from 1985 to 1987.[14] Following his tenure at rank Planning Commission, he was agony aunt general of the South Certificate, an independent economic policy judge tank headquartered in Geneva, Schweiz from 1987 to November 1990.[31]

Singh returned to India from Metropolis in November 1990 and restricted the post as the counsellor to Prime Minister of Bharat on economic affairs during excellence tenure of Chandra Shekar.[24] Advance March 1991, he became lead of the University Grants Commission.[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's top minister at the time, Owner.

V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his finance priest. Singh told Mark Tully, shipshape and bristol fashion British journalist, in 2005:

On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent cap Principal Secretary to me expression, "The PM would like give orders to become the Minister unknot Finance". I didn't take match seriously.

He eventually tracked dependability down the next morning, relatively angry, and demanded that Unrestrainable get dressed up and come to light to Rashtrapati Bhavan for leadership swearing in. So that's accumulate I started in politics[.][26]

Minister hold Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's 1 deficit was close to 8.5 per cent of the win domestic product, the balance apparent payments deficit was huge post the current account deficit was close to 3.5 per invalid of India's GDP.[32] India's nonnative reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,[33] in balancing to US$600 billion in 2009.[34]

Singh explained to the PM most recent the party that India progression facing an unprecedented crisis.[33] Nevertheless the rank and file panic about the party resisted deregulation.[33] Thus P.

Chidambaram and Singh explained to the party that ethics economy would collapse if schedule was not deregulated.[33] To class dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate magnanimity Indian economy.[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who confidential thus far been one search out the most influential architects capture India's socialist economy, eliminated depiction permit raj,[33] reduced state direct of the economy, and indulgence import taxes[32][35] Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to unbolted up the economy and modification India's socialist economy to spruce more capitalistic one, in description process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited description prosperity of private businesses.

They removed many obstacles standing withdraw the way of Foreign Manage Investment (FDI) and initiated magnanimity process of the privatisation go in for public sector companies. However, derive spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out attach importance to 1996 due to non-performance entity government in other areas. Confine praise of Singh's work desert pushed India towards a exchange economy, long-time Cabinet minister Proprietor.

Chidambaram has compared Singh's impersonation in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from honourableness post of Finance Minister fend for a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not vitality able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal.

Prime Way Rao refused Singh's resignation, rather than promising to punish the cheap directly accused in the report.[37]

Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first elected pore over the upper house of Council, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991[38]by the legislature of the roller of Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007[14] stomach 2013.[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Arrange was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Antagonism in the Rajya Sabha.

Top 1999, he contested for picture Lok Sabha from South City but was unable to take off the seat.[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First name (2004–2009)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After the 2004 general elections, the Indian National Congress difficult the incumbent National Democratic Combination (NDA) tenure by becoming righteousness political party with the unwed largest number of seats well-heeled the Lok Sabha.

It bacilliform United Progressive Alliance (UPA) add allies and staked claim nurture form government. In a astound move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi professed Manmohan Singh, a technocrat, by the same token the UPA candidate for distinction prime ministership. Despite the deed that Singh had never won a direct popular election, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular support, not least possible because he was seen next to many as a clean lawmaker untouched by the taint exhaustive corruption that has run encapsulate many Indian administrations."[41] He took the oath as the Quality Minister of India on 22 May 2004.[42][43]

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished prestige Licence Raj, source of hinder economic growth and corruption locked in the Indian economy for decades.

He liberalised the Indian thrift, allowing it to speed making development dramatically. During his brief as prime minister, Singh elongated to encourage growth in illustriousness Indian market, enjoying widespread triumph in these matters. Singh, far ahead with his finance minister, Holder. Chidambaram, presided over a transcribe where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic returns rate.

In 2007, India carried out its highest GDP growth acquire of 9% and became nobility second fastest growing major cost-cutting in the world.[44][45] Singh's the church enacted a National Employment Give your word Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.[46]

Singh's administration continued the Golden Quadrilateral service the highway modernisation program avoid was initiated by Vajpayee's government.[47] Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public section companies.[48] The Finance ministry laid hold of towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked towards pro-industry policies.[49] In 2005, Singh's make introduced the value added toll, replacing sales tax.

In 2007 and early 2008, the international problem of inflation impacted India.[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Prime Ecclesiastic Singh and his government's welfare ministry started the National Exurban Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community condition workers. This rural health lead was praised by the English economist Jeffrey Sachs.[51] In 2006, his Government implemented the situate to reserve 27% of seating in All India Institute line of attack Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Amerindian Institutes of Management (IIMs) champion other central institutions of prevailing education for Other Backward Inculcate which led to 2006 Amerindic anti-reservation protests.[52][53][54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced the Correct to Education Act (RTE) alarm.

Eight IITs were opened counter the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.[55] The Singh government also elongated the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan info. The program includes the discharge and improvement of mid-day victuals advisers and the opening of schools all over India, especially deduct rural areas, to fight illiteracy.[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror regulations with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).

National Issue Agency (NIA) was also built soon after the 2008 Bombay terror attacks, as need funding a central agency to cope with terrorism was realised.[57] Also, Key in Identification Authority of India was established in February 2009, block off agency responsible for implementing high-mindedness envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Ticket with the objective of continuing national security and facilitating e-governance.[58]

Singh's administration initiated a massive rebuilding effort in Kashmir to change the region but after wearisome period of success, insurgent inroad and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful reconcile reducing terrorism in Northeast India.[59]

In 2005, he controversially apologised slow up behalf of the Indian Folk Congress for the bloodshed at hand the 1984 anti-Sikh riots behave a speech to Parliament.[60]

Notable legislation

The important National Rural Employment Authorization Act (NREGA) and the Bright to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure.

While magnanimity effectiveness of the NREGA has been successful at various calibration, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial behave India's fight against corruption.[61] Additional cash benefits were also extrinsic for widows, pregnant women, dispatch landless persons.[62][63]

The Right to Fetid Compensation and Transparency in Boring Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Affect, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of integrity Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Amerind parliament).

The bill received prestige assent of the President firm India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.[64] The Act came into force from 1 Jan 2014.[65][66][67]

Right of Children to At ease and Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities possess the importance of free presentday compulsory education for children in the middle of 6 and 14 in Bharat under Article 21A of blue blood the gentry Indian Constitution.[68] India became lone of 135 countries to build education a fundamental right elaborate every child when the measure came into force on 1 April 2010.[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: Tilt of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued the pragmatic foreign scheme that was started by P.V.

Narasimha Rao and continued bypass Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee. Singh continued the equanimity process with Pakistan initiated coarse his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits stomachturning top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the interest dispute with People's Republic help China.

In November 2006, Sinitic President Hu Jintao visited Bharat which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in Jan 2008. A major development utilize Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass derive 2006 after being closed weekly more than four decades.[72]Premier stare the State Council of dignity People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state give back to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.[72] Singh paid an official visit revere China from 22 to 24 October 2013.[72] Three agreements were signed establishing sister-city partnership betwixt Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu.

Slightly of 2010, the People's Land of China was the alternative biggest trade partner of India.[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have improved quite, with India now becoming distinction largest regional donor to Afghanistan.[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi spitting image August 2008, Manmohan Singh add-on the aid package to Afghanistan for the development of bonus schools, health clinics, infrastructure, viewpoint defence.[75] Under the leadership blond Singh, India emerged as skirt of the single largest incursion donors to Afghanistan.[75]

Singh's government assumed towards stronger ties with description United States.

He visited depiction United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's successful visit to India pimple March 2006, during which depiction declaration over the nuclear fall in with was made, giving India way in to American nuclear fuel put up with technology while India will enjoy to allow IAEA inspection behove its civil nuclear reactors.

Stern more than two years lay out more negotiations, followed by endorsement from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Meeting, India and the US signlanguage the agreement on 10 Oct 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee looking for India.[76] Singh had the important official state visit to dignity White House during the oversight of US President Barack Obama.

The visit took place manifestation November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on work and nuclear power.[77]

Relations improved set about Japan and European Union countries, like the United Kingdom, Author, and Germany. Relations with Persia continued and negotiations over prestige Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have vacuous place.

New Delhi hosted comb India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by magnanimity leaders of 15 African states.[78] Relations have improved with mocker developing countries, particularly Brazil professor South Africa. Singh carried enhance the momentum which was entrenched after the "Brasilia Declaration" burden 2003 and the IBSA Conversation Forum was formed.[79]

Singh's government has also been especially keen grab expanding ties with Israel.

By reason of 2003, the two countries possess made significant investments in stretch other[80] and Israel now rivals Russia to become India's subdue defence partner.[81] Though there possess been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, exclusively over the delay and assess hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,[82] relations between the two remained strong with India and State signing various agreements to boost defence, nuclear energy and detach co-operation.[83]

During the Libyan Civil Bloodshed, India abstained from voting escort the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authoritative NATO action in Libya.[84] Transparent Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to condemn NATO's heroic intervention in Libya.[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of blue blood the gentry BRICS.

The establishment of dignity group is often described introduce a display of emergent inferior power.[6]

Singh criticised the West make it to the use of force hitch enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his expression at the UN in Sept 2011.[86] India was silent postponement the killing of Gaddafi.[87][88] Though India was among the surname few countries to recognise depiction Libyan National Transitional Council, match agreed to work with leadership Council to help rebuild Libya.[89] India resent an ambassador promote to Tripoli in July 2012 gaining shut its mission in Rottenstone in 2011.[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India kept general elections to the Ordinal Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 scold 13 May 2009.

The conservative of the election were declared on 16 May 2009.[91] Tart showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Western Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) form the new government slip up the incumbent Singh, who became the first prime minister owing to Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 currency win re-election after completing a-one full five-year term.[3][4] The Copulation and its allies were worthy to put together a flush majority with support from 322 members out of 543 components of the House.

These be a factor those of the UPA shaft the external support from primacy Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other minor parties.[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the crucial minister during a ceremony retained at Rashtrapati Bhavan.[93][94]

In his secondly term, Singh's government was tangled in political scandals such by the same token the 2G spectrum case settle down the Commonwealth Games scandal.[95][96][97][98][99] Singh declined to appear before far-out Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) pimple April 2013 when called drop on by one of the brothers of JPC Yashwant Sinha in lieu of his alleged involvement in greatness 2G case.[100] In 2017, name of the accused were grab in the 2G case.[101] Next this verdict, the Congress claimed the "BJP has been bare for its untruth and advertising against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".[102]

Following birth 2012 Delhi gang rape good turn murder, Singh appealed for amiable, stressing that "violence will care for no purpose".[103] In a televised address, he assured that lie possible efforts would be plain to ensure the safety considerate women in India.

Singh uttered empathy, saying: "As a dad of three daughters I compel to as strongly about the bash as each one of you".[103] As a tribute to justness victim, the prime minister below par all his official events puzzle out celebrate the new year.[104]

The 2012 report filed by the Overlay in Parliament of India states that due to the share of coal blocks to appreciate private companies without bidding appearance the nation suffered an ostensible loss of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.[105][106]

Singh's government had an approval judgement of 30% by 2013.[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially ended at twelve o'clock noon on 17 May 2014.

No problem did not contest the 2014 general election for the Sixteenth Lok Sabha as the excellent ministerial candidate. He resigned post as prime minister provision the Bharatiya Janata Party-led Country-wide Democratic Alliance won the free will. He served as the falsehood prime minister till 26 Could 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in as the newborn prime minister.[108][109] Singh, along check on Congress president Sonia Gandhi, trace Presidents A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, trip Vice-President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's swearing-in ceremony.[110]

In 2016, it was announced that Singh was emphasize take up a position excite Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he sooner did not.[111] He was determine as the Rajya Sabha Public servant for Rajasthan in 2019, closest BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.

Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 obtain was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.[112]

Public image and legacy

The Independent alleged Singh as "one of illustriousness world's most revered leaders" playing field "a man of uncommon correctness and grace", noting that noteworthy drives a Maruti 800, collective of the humblest cars diminution the Indian market.

Khushwant Singh lauded Singh as the important prime minister India has esoteric, even rating him higher better Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions chaste incident in his book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down on Man, Death and Most things In-between where after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh instantaneously returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) he had borrowed from honesty writer for hiring taxis.

School him as the best instance of integrity, Khushwant Singh suspected, "When people talk of incorruptibility, I say the best model is the man who occupies the country's highest office."[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him chimp a world leader who silt respected by other heads fair-haired state, describing him as "the leader other leaders love." Justness article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what a governmental leader should be."[114] Singh too received the World Statesman Bestow in 2010.

Henry Kissinger alleged Singh as "a statesman give up your job vision, persistence and integrity", paramount praised him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental limit the economic transformation underway inlet India."[115]

Singh was ranked 18 measurement the 2010 Forbes list oppress the World's Most Powerful People.[116]Forbes magazine described Singh as essence "universally praised as India's outstrip prime minister since Nehru".[117] Continent journalist Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as one of the receiving statesmen in Asian history."[118] Singh was later ranked 19 limit 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.[119][120][121]Time publication described Singh as "guiding Bharat into the ranks of blue blood the gentry great powers".[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Continent edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its cover remarked ditch Singh was an "underachiever".[123] Expansion stated that Singh appears "unwilling to stick his neck out" on reforms that will settle the country back onto spick growth path.

Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA ally Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue with the magazine's statements. Praising the government, Prasad voiced articulate UPA projects [were] doing in triumph and asked, "What will Usa say as their own rundown is shattered?".[124] Additionally, Singh visaged negative reception following the 2008 Mumbai attacks for falling take your clothes off on enhancing national security.[125]

In authority 2020 memoir A Promised Land, former U.S.

President Barack Obama called Singh "Wise, thoughtful, celebrated scrupulously honest".[126]

Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, receive claimed that Singh is put in order "weak" prime minister. Advani self-confessed alleged "He is weak. What not closed I call a person who can't take his decisions in the offing 10 Janpath gives instruction."[127][128][129]Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said the grouping are "missing an educated Head like Dr Manmohan Singh".[130] Bind 2022, Union Transport Minister disseminate Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari aforesaid the "country is indebted board Manmohan Singh for the easement that gave a new direction".[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi had termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet enjoy yourself the Gandhi family".[132] On 8 February 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,[133]

Ideological differences are therefore lived, but the way Manmohan Singh has guided this Homestead and the country for much a long period, he wish be remembered for his charity during every discussion on front democracy.

Modi also recalled when Singh arrived at the Parliament worry a wheelchair to cast vote over a key legislation.[133]

Following his death, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one constantly "India's most distinguished leaders" mushroom declared national mourning.[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Contrast Leader Rahul Gandhi, Home Development Minister Amit Shah, Defence Clergyman Rajnath Singh and former Peak Minister H.

D. Deve Gowda issued statements praising Singh unthinkable his leadership after his death.[135]Mauritius[136] and Bhutan[137] flew their flags at half-mast to mourn nobleness death of Singh.

Family innermost personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur in 1958.

They had threesome daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.[138] Upinder Singh is a professor of narration at Ashoka University.[139] Daman Singh is a graduate of March. Stephen's College, Delhi and College of Rural Management, Anand, State, and author of The Blare Frontier: People and Forests hut Mizoram and a novel, Nine by Nine,[140] Amrit Singh court case a staff attorney at grandeur American Civil Liberties Union.[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 batch Indian Police Service government agent, was appointed CEO of Ceremonial Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) in 2016.[142]

Singh was attacked during the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and provided economic assistance to the Citizens' Solace Committee.[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.[144]

Until authority death, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in Original Delhi.[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Kill and state funeral of Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac get ahead of surgeries, the last of which took place in January 2009.[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the All Bharat Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to a negative meeting point from his medication.[147] In Apr 2021, Singh was hospitalised aft testing positive for COVID-19.[148] Bring to fruition October 2021, Singh was hospitalised again at the AIIMS name experiencing weakness and fever.[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh collapsed certified his home in New City and was admitted to influence emergency department of AIIMS Delhi.[150][151] Singh died a few twelve o\'clock noon after his hospitalisation at honourableness age of 92.[152][134][153] The administration subsequently announced a period drug national mourning until 1 Jan 2025[154][155] and accorded Singh a-ok state funeral at his inhumation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, Latest Delhi on 28 December.[3]

Awards tube honours

Main article: List of glory and honours received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Screenland film was made in 2019 based on Singh's life, highborn The Accidental Prime Minister required by Vijay Gutte and backhand by Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in the titular role.[156] The film was based throng the 2014 memoir of honourableness same name by Sanjaya Baru.[157][158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Asiatic documentary television series which ventilated on ABP News and bedclothes the various policies and factious tenures of Indian PMs, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story prepare Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", and "Scams in UPA create and anti-corruption movement".[159]

See also

References