Story of prophet sulaiman ibn kathir biography
Solomon in Islam
Islamic view of Solomon
"Sulayman ibn Dawud" redirects here. In the direction of the last last imam cherished Hafizi Isma'ili, see Sulayman ibn Daoud.
In Islam, Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Arabic: سُلَيْمَان بْن دَاوُوْد, lit. 'Solomon, son of David') is affirmed as a nabī (نَبِيّ, lit. 'prophet') and ruler of the Israelites in the Quran.
Since justness rise of Islam, various Mohammedan historians have regarded Solomon because one of the greatest rulers in history.[1] Solomon's rule brilliant several Islamic leaders throughout anecdote.
Solomon is regarded to control been bestowed by God description gift to speak to animals and djinn. Furthermore was acknowledged the ability to enslave blue blood the gentry devils (Arabic: شَيَاطِين, romanized: šayāṭīn; f.v.
Persian: دیو, romanized: div) with depiction help of a staff commemorate ring given by God.[2] Solomon's battle with the demons plays an important role Sufistic interpretations of Islam as the state struggle of the self realize demonic urges.
Generally, Islamic practice holds that he was rank third ruler of the Israelites and a wise one.[3] Amuse contrast to Talmudic tradition, Muslims maintain that Solomon remained grand faithful to God throughout king life and was blessed coupled with authority given to none beforehand nor after him.
Despite diadem miraculous abilities, his success stems from solely relying on Demiurge, as seen in the contest of bringing the Throne ensnare Sheba. For that, he was, according to the Quran, engaged nearness to God in Jannah (جَنّة, lit. 'Paradise') at the fulfil of his life.[4]
Quran and interpretation
Judgment on the field
In the first narrative involving Sulayman, the Quran (21:78) briefly alludes to uncomplicated story that Sulayman was bank on the company of his sire, when two men came choose ask David to judge halfway them regarding a ḥarth (حَرْث, field).[5] Later Muslim commentators catholic on the allusion, including al-Tabari, Baidawi, and Ibn Kathir.[6][7][8] They said that the first designate the two men said put off he owned a vineyard check which he took great carefulness the whole year through.
However one day, when he was absent, the other man's share had strayed into the chateau and devoured the grapes. Dirt asked to be compensated use this damage.[9]: 62 Upon hearing high-mindedness man's complaint, Solomon suggested ramble the owner of the stereotyped take the other man's chateau to repair and cultivate in abeyance the vines returned to their former state, whereupon he essential return it to its proprietress.
At the same time, class owner of the vineyard would care for the sheep stomach benefit from their wool skull milk until his land was returned to him, at which point he would return representation sheep to their owner. That response shows Solomon's level flawless judgment, which, the Quran says,[10] would characterize Sulayman throughout ruler life.
Ḥikmah (Wisdom), according cue Muslim tradition, would always fleece associated with Solomon, who would later even be referred simulation as Sulaymān al-Ḥakīm (سُلَيْمَان ٱلْحَكِيْم, "Sulayman the Wise"). This parcel is adapted in the Kebra Nagast, but as a disagreement adjudicated by a son rejoice Sulayman.
Solomon and the demons
The Quran narrates that Solomon,[11] contained the wind and the jinn. The jinn helped strengthen Solomon's reign. God caused a unheard-of ʿayn (عَيْن, 'fount' or 'spring') of molten qiṭr (قِطْر, 'brass' or 'copper') to flow storeroom Solomon, used by the jinn in their construction.[11] The devils (shayatin)[12] and demons were studied building for him monuments.[13]
When Painter died, Solomon inherited his situate as the prophetic king execute the Israelites.
Solomon once relaxed a woman to build excellent statue of her father. Following, she began to worship representation statue and Solomon was rebuked for tolerating idolatry in culminate kingdom. As a punishment, Deity enabled one of the browbeaten demons to steal Solomon's completely and take over his society (Surah 38:34). He later repents his sin and gains rule over the demons again, aspiration on building the temple again.[14] He prayed to God appoint grant him a kingdom which would be unlike any fend for him.[15] God accepted Solomon's entreaty and gave him what forbidden pleased
Construed allegorically, Solomon's sacrifice of his ring to prestige demons, may be understood thither represent a human losing academic soul to demonic passion.[16]Attar stand for Nishapur writes: "If you secure the div (demon), you desire set out for the monarchical pavilion with Solomon" and "You have no command over your self's kingdom, for in your case the div is guarantee the place of Solomon".[17]
Unlike justness Talmudic tradition, Solomon was unsuspecting accidental and never participated in idolatry.[18] Further, the Quran rejects depart Solomon was a magician: "Never did Solomon disbelieve, rather grandeur devils disbelieved.
They taught enchantment to the people..." (2:102)
Solomon and the ant
Solomon was infinite the languages of various animals, such as ants. The Quran recounts that, one day, Intelligent and his army entered regular wādin-naml (وَادِ ٱلْنَّمْل, valley identical the ant). On seeing Wise man and his army, a namlah (نَمْلَة, female ant) warned entire the others to "get jar your habitations, lest Solomon ground his hosts crush you (under foot) without knowing it."[19] Right now understanding what the ant thought, Solomon, as always, prayed bring out God, thanking him for bestowing upon him such gifts[20] beginning further avoided trampling over character ant colonies.[9]: 63 [21] Solomon's wisdom, banish, was yet another of high-mindedness gifts he received from Spirit, and Muslims maintain that Guru never forgot his daily plea, which was more important tell off him than any of empress gifts.
Exegetical literature emphasizes nobleness ant's wisdom and explains picture meaning behind Solomon's gift appraise control the wind. According cause problems the Siraj al-Qulub, a accepted text with versions in Farsi, Oghuz Turkic, and Karluc Turkic,[22](p191) the ant asked Solomon hypothesize he knows why he not bad called "Solomon" (Süleyman).
Solomon says he does not, whereupon loftiness ant goes on to explain: "Although your heart was mood (selim) and you know interpretation circumstances of the next globe, you have accepted a hardly any pleasures of this world see have been deceived by tutor possession and kingship; therefore bolster are called Solomon." Afterwards, picture ant asks Solomon if operate knows why God has hushed the wind for him.
Without delay again, Solomon negates and rectitude ant answers: "He has downcast the wind for a reason: that which you have thrust is nothing. Just as rank wind passes, the world's money and kingship pass too." Scholars like Fakhr al-Din Razi subject al-Qurtubi elevated the ant without delay the rank of an individual for humans to follow.[22](p198)
Conquest weekend away Saba'
Another important aspect of Solomon's kingship was the size produce his army, which consisted countless both men and jinn.
Doyen would frequently assess his fortification and warriors as well monkey the jinn and all decency animals who worked under him. One day, when inspecting king troops, Solomon found the Hud-hud (هُدْهُد, Hoopoe) missing from excellence assembly.[23] Soon afterwards, however, magnanimity Hud-hud arrived at Solomon's pursue, saying "I have found ascertain something you do not be versed.
I have just come work you from Sheba with definite news."[24] The Hud-hud further phonetic Solomon that the people type Shebaworshiped the Sun, and depart the woman who ruled righteousness kingdom was highly intelligent instruct powerful. Solomon, who listened strappingly, chose to write a memo to the land of Sheba, through which he would invade to convince the people wear out Sheba to cease their irreverent worship of the Sun, innermost come to the worship do in advance God.
Solomon ordered the Hud-hud to give the letter just a stone's throw away the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis), and then to hide duct observe her reaction.[9]: 64 The Hud-hud accepted Solomon's orders, and flew straight back to Sheba take advantage of deliver the letter to nobility Queen.
The Queen then christened her ministers to court take up read aloud to them position letter from Solomon stating loom the people of Sheba: "In the Name of Allah—the About Compassionate, Most Merciful, Do shed tears be arrogant with me, nevertheless come to me, fully submitting (Muslimīnمُسْلِمِيْن)." She took counsel adjust her ministers and other focus on officials, saying "O chiefs!
Advertise me in this matter weekend away mine, for I would not ever make any decision without you." The people of the respect replied: "We are a children of strength and great ˹military˺ might, but the decision legal action yours, so decide what sell something to someone will command." At length, subdue, the Queen came to Wise, announcing her submission to God.[25]
Solomon and the ifrit
While Bilqis was journeying to Solomon's court, leadership king bid his servants dish out her throne thither before prepare arrival.
An ifrit offered monarch services (27:38-40), but Solomon declined, entrusting this task instead on hand a manservant, named Asif ibn Barkhiya in traditions. Being calligraphic pious fellow, the manservant prayed to God to move loftiness throne for him. His plea was answered, the throne emergence in Solomon's palace by honesty power of God.
When Bilqis arrived, Solomon asked her conj admitting she recognised her throne. All-out to grasp the miracle Maker had wrought, she at be in first place gave the king an fly-by-night answer, but later adopting ethics faith of Solomon, won domination by the evidence that honourableness miracle was not that capture a mere Ifrit but prowl of God himself.
Solomon difficult to understand declined the ifrit's tempting offer one`s services, because he sought to count solely upon God and watchword a long way upon a demon or halfbaked other created being, and was rewarded for his piety outstrip success in converting Bilqis pause the true faith.[26]
Death
The Quran relates that Solomon died while smartness was leaning upon his pole and that he remained appreciation, propped up by it, on hold a little creature – supply or worm – gnawed shell it, until, finally, it gave way – and only at that time did his body collapse.
When We decreed Solomon's death, folding indicated to the ˹subjected˺ jinn that he was dead leave out the termites eating away consummate staff. So when he immoral, the jinn realized that supposing they had ˹really˺ known leadership unseen, they would not receive remained in ˹such˺ humiliating servitude.
— Surah Saba34:14
As he remained upright, propped on his staff, the jinn thought he was still subsist and supervising them.
They accomplished the truth only when Immortal sent a creature to edge out of the ground prep added to gnaw at Solomon's staff, depending on his body collapsed. This compose is understood to teach description audience that jinn do troupe know the unseen (Al-Ghaib) – had they known it, they would not have remained labouring like fools in the overhaul of a dead man.[27]
In culture
Solomon and Selcuk leaders
The title “The Sulaymān of the Age was employed for various leaders guide the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.[29][30] Among them Suleiman II make a rough draft Rûm, Kilij Arslan II, coupled with Suleiman ibn Qutalmish.[31] They were compared to the Quranic diviner due to their governmental intent (Divan), consisting of people provision various languages, including Greek, Asiatic, Turkish, and later, Mongolian, transalpine craftsmen (compared to the jinn at Solomon's court), and use of messenger pigeons.[32]
Solomon and Jamshid
Jamshid was the fourth king catch the world, according to illustriousness Shāhnāma of the poet Firdausī.
Like Solomon, he was putative to have had command cheapen yourself all the angels and demons (dīv) of the world, ahead was both king and tall priest of Hormozd (middle Farsi for Ahura Mazda). He was responsible for many great inventions that made life more proximate for his people: the craft of armor and weapons, justness weaving and dyeing of clothing of linen, silk and hardened, the building of houses have possession of brick, the mining of gold and precious metals, the conception of perfumes and wine, significance art of medicine, the sailing of the waters of glory world in sailing ships.
Subside Jamshid had now become picture greatest monarch the world abstruse ever known. He was blessed with the royal farr (Avestan: khvarena), a radiant splendor put off burned about him by godlike favor.
Due to similarities in the middle of the two wise monarchs, awful traditions conflate the two.
Accommodate example, Solomon was associated greet ruling over the southwestern Persia in the works of al-Balkhi. Persepolis was believed to write down the seat of Solomon don described as "playground of Solomon" by scholars such as Mas'udi, Muqaddasi and Istakhri. Other Muhammadan authors have opposed the meaning that Solomon once ruled obligate IranPersia, arguing that any similarities between the lives and exploits of Solomon and Jamshid on top purely coincidental, the two make available distinct and separate personages.[33][34] Greatness latter view has been clip by scholarship in the land of Indo-European mythology, which has demonstrated conclusively that the chart Jamshid derives from the initially Zoroastrian deity Yima,[35][36] whereas Quranic and Biblical scholarship support skilful measure of historicity for nobility wise prophet king.[37]
Mahammaddim in righteousness Song of Solomon
Further information: Muhammad and the Bible and Afroasiatic root
As inspired by verses mean the Quran, some Muslims[which?] alleged that Muhammad (Arabic: مُحَمَّد "praiseworthy", consonant letters: m-ħ-m-d) is trust in in the Song of Songs (5:16) (Hebrew: מַחֲמַדִּים "beloved, appreciated, delightful", consonant letters: m-ħ-m-d-y-m, maḥămaddim).[38]
References to Solomon in the Quran
- Appraisals for Solomon: 2:102, 6:84, 21:81-82, 27:15-16, 27:18-23, 27:36-39, 27:44, 34:12-13, 38:30-31, 38:35-40
- Solomon's preaching: 4:163, 27:25, 27:31, 27:44
- Solomon judged: 21:78-79
- Fitnah telling off Solomon: 38:32-34
- Solomon and the Empress of Sheba: 27:28-31, 27:34-44
- The Sovereign state of Sheba: 27:23, 34:15, 34:18
- Solomon's death: 34:14
See also
References
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(2012). "Sulaymān b. Dāwūd". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia decompose Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7158.
- ^Law folk tale Tradition in Classical Islamic Thought: Studies in Honor of University lecturer Hossein Modarressi.
(2013). Vereinigtes Königreich: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 249
- ^Glasse, Cyril (1988). Concise Encyclopedia of Islam. p. 374.
- ^Quran 38:40
- ^Quran 21:78
- ^Helewa, Sami (2017-11-01). Models of Leadership in class Adab Narratives of Joseph, Painter, and Solomon: Lament for righteousness Sacred.
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- ^Wheeler, Brannon (2002-06-01). Prophets weigh down the Quran: An Introduction stop working the Quran and Muslim Exegesis.
A&C Black. ISBN .
- ^ abcAzzam, Renown. "David and Solomon". Lives elect the Prophets. Suhail Academy. pp. 62–64.
- ^Quran 21:79
- ^ abQuran 34:12
- ^Lebling, Robert (2010).
Legends of the Fire Spirits: Jinn and Genies from Peninsula to Zanzibar. I.B. Tauris. ISBN .
- ^Quran 34:13
- ^Shalev-Eyni, Sarit. "Solomon, his demons and jongleurs: The meeting resembling Islamic, Judaic and Christian culture". Al-Masaq 18.2 (2006): 145–160.
- ^Quran 38:35
- ^Moiseeva Anna Vladimirovna (2020).
"Prophet Sulaimān Out-and-out Klassische Persische Poesie: Semantik Criminal Struktur Des Bildes| Orientalistik | Afrikanistik (volume 3)". CyberLeninka. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
- ^Hamori, Andras. Leave town the Art of Medieval Semitic Literature. USA: Princeton University Entreat, 2015. p. 158
- ^Shalev-Eyni, Sarit.
"Solomon, his demons and jongleurs: Righteousness meeting of Islamic, Judaic talented Christian culture". Al-Masaq 18.2 (2006): 155.
- ^Quran 27:18
- ^Quran 27:19
- ^Deen, Mawil Sarcastic. Izzi (1990). "Islamic Environmental Principles, Law, and Society"(PDF). In Engel JR; JG Engel (eds.). Ethics of Environment and Development.
Bellhaven Press, London. Archived from nobility original(PDF) on 2011-07-14.
- ^ abPeacock, A.C.S. (2019). Islam, Literature and Identity in Mongol Anatolia. Cambridge Hospital Press. doi:10.1017/9781108582124. ISBN . S2CID 211657444.
- ^Quran 27:15-19
- ^Quran 27:22
- ^Quran 27:15-44
- ^Die Dschinn, Teufel pursuit Engel im Koran [microform] newborn Eichler, Paul Arno, 1889-Publication season 1928 Topics Koran Publisher Leipzig : Klein Collection microfilm; additional_collections Digitizing sponsor Internet Archive Contributor Net Archive Language German Microfilm Addeddate 2007-02-13 00:12:26 Foldoutcount 0 Characterize MN40251ucmf_1 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t4zg6hn3v Openlibrary_edition OL14024173M Openlibrary_work OL10715783W Page 9 Ppi 400
- ^Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 Volumes].
(2017). USA: ABC-CLIO. proprietor. 1477
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- ^Duggan, T. M. P. "Diplomatic Advertising and Awe: moving, sometimes muttering, Islamic sculptures." Al-Masaq 21.3 (2009): 229-267.
- ^On the Exercise of Coastwise Control through Observation and Eat crow Distance Communication Systems in Dynasty Territory in the XIIIth Century
- ^On the Exercise of Coastal Heap through Observation and Long Spread Communication Systems in Seljuk Home in the XIIIth Century
- ^On blue blood the gentry Exercise of Coastal Control make safe Observation and Long Distance Speaking Systems in Seljuk Territory make the XIIIth Century
- ^Eva Orthmann, Anna Kollatz The Ceremonial of Audience: Transcultural Approaches Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 11.11.2019 ISBN 978-3-8470-0887-3 p.
155
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- ^Daryaee, Touraj, and Soodabeh Malekzadeh. "King Huviška, Yima, and the Bird: Observations on a Paradisiacal State".
In: Central Asia and Persia – Greeks, Parthians, Kushans flourishing Sasanians. Edited by Edward Dąbrowa. Jagiellonian University Press, 2015. owner. 108.
- ^N. Oettinger, Before Noah: Credible Relics of the Flood allegory in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Earlier, [in:] Proceedings of the 24th Yearly UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed.
S.W. Jamison, H.C. Melchert, B. Hiker, Bremen 2013, p. 169–183
- ^Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2001). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Semblance of Ancient Israel and nobility Origin of Its Sacred Texts. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .
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Wenham (1998). "Teaching the Old Testament eliminate the Context of Islam". Make the Old Testament Live: Chomp through Curriculum to Classroom. Wm. Inelegant. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 138–139. ISBN . Retrieved 4 April 2013.
External links
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