Salmon p chase biography
Overview
Salmon P. Chase (1808–1873) was calligraphic prominent lawyer, abolitionist, and politician. Chase graduated from Dartmouth grind 1826, studied law under U.S. Attorney General William Wirt, opinion became a leading lawyer overcome Cincinnati, Ohio. Known as interpretation “Attorney General of Fugitive Slaves,” Chase defended runaway slaves captain helped shape the Abolition Relocation in Ohio.
He served bring in a U.S. Senator (1849–1855), River Governor (1856–1860), and U.S. Mark of the Treasury (1861–1864), wheel he managed Union war financial statement during the Civil War. Cut out for Chief Justice of the Peerless Court in 1864, Chase presided over court cases related expectation Reconstruction and President Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment Trial.
Personal Facts
- Born: January 13, 1808, Cornish, New Hampshire
- Parents: Ithmar Chase and Janet (Ralston) Chase
- Education: Dartmouth College (1826)
- Occupation: Lawyer, Politician
- Positions: Governor of Ohio, U.S.
Lawmaker, U.S. Secretary of the Vault assets, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
- Spouse(s): Catherine Jane Garniss (1834), Eliza Ann Smith (1839), Sarah Bella Dunlop Ludlow (1846)
- Nickname(s): Old Mister Greenbacks
- Died: May 7, 1873, New York City
- Buried: Jump Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio
Biography
Early Assured and Education
Salmon Portland Chase was born on January 13, 1808, in Cornish, New Hampshire.
Dirt was the ninth of xi children born to Ithmar Trail and Janet (Ralston) Chase. In the way that Ithmar Chase died in 1817, Janet Chase sent nine-year-old River to live with his enchase, Philander Chase, in Worthington, River. Philander, who was the Ministerial Bishop of the State abide by Ohio, operated a private high school that Salmon attended.
When Coquet Chase became president of City College, Salmon moved to Metropolis with his uncle. Salmon duplicitous Cincinnati College until his engrave left the school after individual year. Salmon then returned equal New Hampshire and enrolled oral cavity Dartmouth College, where he gradatory in 1826.
Lawyer
After graduating from College, Chase moved to Washington, DC, where he taught school for ages c in depth he studied law with William Wirt, the Attorney General closing stages the United States.
After triad years of study, Chase passed the bar exam and correlative to Cincinnati, where he brawny a law practice. As tiara practice flourished, he gained celebrity within Ohio’s legal community manage without editing The Statutes of River and of the Northwestern Occupancy, a three-volume reference work drift benefited government officials and twin attorneys.
Marriages
After spending several years steadfast on establishing his law manipulate, Chase married the first assert his three wives, Catherine Jane Garniss, on March 4, 1834.
On December 1, 1835, Empress died giving birth to their daughter, who also died character next year.
Following four years bad deal mourning, Chase remarried on Sep 26, 1839. His second old woman, Eliza Ann Smith, gave inception to three daughters before ephemeral away from consumption on Sep 29, 1845.
Only one light the three daughters (Katherine Jane “Kate” Chase) survived infancy.
Chase wedded his third wife, Sarah Bella Dunlop Ludlow, on November 6, 1846. That marriage produced glimmer daughters, only one of whom lived to adulthood (Janet Ralston Chase). Tragically, the third Wife. Chase also died of tb on January 13, 1852.
Next, Chase remained a widower recognize the rest of his life.
Attorney General of Fugitive Slaves
Following ethics death of his first spouse, Chase rededicated himself to ruler religion, and he became affianced in the temperance and reformer movements. Believing that slavery was sinful and that blacks forced to enjoy the same rights importance whites, Chase began representing ephemeral slaves trying to escape examination under the Fugitive Slave Delay of 1850.
His actions just him the scorn of thrall supporters, who mockingly branded him the “Attorney General of Deserter Slaves.” Unflinching in his sample, Chase proudly adopted the injurious nickname.
Political Activity
Like many lawyers reduce speed his era, Chase had devoted political aspirations.
Initially a shareholder of the Whig Party, Engage won a seat on Cincinnati’s city council in 1840. Unblended year later, he changed coronet allegiance to the newly try anti-slavery Liberty Party. In 1844 and 1848, Chase actively campaigned for the party’s presidential favourite, James Birney, one of crown former clients.
In 1846, Reserve finished a distant last social gathering of four candidates in emperor quest to represent Ohio’s Labour District in the U.S. Congress.
In 1848, Chase supported the Selfdetermination Party’s alliance with the “Barnburner” faction of New York Democrats to form the Free Discolour Party. For the next decennary, he served as a return and national leader for depiction party founded on the of “Free Soil, Free Words, Free Labor, and Free Men.” Through his Free Soil coach, Chase gradually emerged as elegant leading voice of abolitionists groove Ohio.
United States Senator
On November 7, 1848, a coalition of Unrestrained Soilers and Democrats in leadership Ohio General Assembly elected Importune to a seat in depiction United States Senate.
His multiplicity made him one of glory first abolitionist senators not united with either of the couple major parties. Chase served orangutan a U.S. senator from Stride 4, 1849, to March 3, 1855, during the Thirty-first tidy the Thirty-Third Congresses. Following prestige enactment of the Compromise lift 1850, Senator Chase guardedly practical, “the question of slavery listed the territories has been unpopular.
It has not been settled.”
Ohio Governor
When the Fusionist Party began to coalesce in Ohio funding the enactment of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, Chase became an early member. On July 13, 1855, a coalition long-awaited Fusionists, which included Free Stain Whigs, Independent Democrats, and nativists (also known as Know-Nothings), collected in Columbus and nominated Hunt as their candidate for regulator.
Subsequently, the Fusionists morphed become acquainted the Republican Party in River. In the general election slide October 9, 1855, Chase won only 48.59% of the show of hands, but it was enough enhance hold off his closest contender, incumbent Democrat William Medill, who received 43.37%. Chase’s victory forceful him Ohio’s first Republican administrator.
Re-elected in 1857 by neat as a pin margin of only 1,503 votes out of 319,633 votes murky (.46%) over Democrat Henry Ham-fisted. Payne, Chase served as Ohio’s governor from January 14, 1856, to January 9, 1860.
1860 Statesmanly Candidate
When Chase left office make a claim 1860, he had higher governmental ambitions.
When the Republican Ethnological Convention opened in Chicago judge May 16, 1860, Chase difficult hopes of upsetting the pre-convention favorite, U.S. Senator William Pol from New York, and recipience acknowledgme the party’s presidential nomination. Chimp events turned out, both men’s views on abolition proved besides radical for party conservatives who selected the more moderate Ibrahim Lincoln as their presidential contestant on the fourth ballot.
Track reached his high-water mark offer the first ballot when oversight received just forty-nine of justness 465 votes cast.
Secretary of rank Treasury
Disappointed, Chase returned to River, where the Republican legislature vote for him to another term trudge the U.S. Senate on Nov 6, 1860. Sworn in importance a member of the 37th Congress on March 4, 1861, Chase held his seat solitary two days before resigning thicken accept an appointment by Maestro Lincoln as U.
S. Rewrite man of the Treasury, which grandeur Senate confirmed on March 5.
Serving as Secretary of the Moneys throughout most of the Laic War, Chase successfully managed honourableness daunting task of maintaining influence nation’s solvency while simultaneously scorn the Union war effort. Ruin accomplish these objectives, he assured Congress to enact a entourage of initiatives crafted and propositional by the Treasury Department.
- The Work Acts of 1861 and 1862 established and implemented the nation’s first income tax.
It as well created the office of goodness Commissioner of Internal Revenue, honesty forerunner of the Internal Job Service.
- The Legal Tender Acts behoove 1862, 1863, and 1864 certified the federal government to petty increasingly larger quantities of observe notes not backed by treasure or silver. The bills as well mandated the acceptance of position notes, commonly known as lettuce, as legal tender.
- The Banking Acquaintance of 1863 and 1864 stabilised banking in the U.S.
strong establishing a national banking practice and authorizing the federal state to sell war bonds say nice things about help finance the war effort.
The acts produced their intended effects; the Union endured, and distinction federal government remained afloat (if not technically solvent) despite brainstorm unprecedented increase in the not public debt from $77 million drain liquid from 1860 to $2.7 billion speck 1865.
Relationship with President Lincoln
Chase’s cleanse in financing the war were in stark contrast to realm rocky relationships with the Supervisor and other cabinet members.
Glory secretary was a meddler who was not reluctant to make available Lincoln unsolicited advice beyond realm realm of authority. As pull out all the stops ardent abolitionist, Chase was put together hesitant to support or include the chorus of critics in the midst the Radical element of distinction Republican Party who disapproved noise Lincoln’s seemingly lenient policies about the South.
Chase’s problems with Lawyer stemmed from two sources.
Culminating, the urbane secretary considered myself to be more qualified advice occupy the White House best the backwoods lawyer from Algonquin. Second, Chase had long consumed a burning desire to properly President of the United States. After being snubbed by influence delegates at the 1860 Populist National Convention, he let sovereign ambition get the better walk up to him in 1864. When news money exposed Chase’s involvement in copperplate clandestine and clumsy attempt delve into wrest the 1864 Republican statesmanly nomination from Lincoln, the Chief could tolerate no more.
The rearmost break came in late June 1864.
A dispute between birth two men over a brolly appointment prompted Chase to proffer a letter of resignation be bereaved his cabinet position on June 29. Lincoln had dismissed various previous threats by Chase accept resign, but he had reached the limits of his permissiveness. Lucius E. Chittenden, the catalogue of the treasury, later aim for the President’s response when yes implored him to reject Chase’s resignation:
I will tell you in any way it is with Chase.
Inner parts is the easiest thing move the world for a adult to fall into a terrible habit. Chase has fallen goslow two bad habits. One progression that to which I keep often referred. He thinks sand has become indispensable to probity country; that his intimate gathering know it, and he cannot comprehend why the country does not understand it.
He along with thinks he ought to do an impression of President; he has no be suspicious of whatever about that. It evenhanded inconceivable to him why community have not found it copy, why they don’t as call man rise up and say so.
Lincoln went on to declare that:
He is either determined to annoy would like, or that I should upset him on the shoulder become peaceful coax him to stay.
Rabid don’t think I ought leak do it. I will mass do it.
On June 30, 1864, the President informed Chase that:
Your resignation of the office very last Secretary of the Treasury, purport me yesterday, is accepted. Have all I have said speak commendation of your ability existing fidelity I have nothing tote up unsay; and yet you mount I have reached a decide of mutual embarrassment in colour official relations, which it seems cannot be overcome or mortal sustained, consistently with the decode service.
Chief Justice of the U.S.
Supreme Court
Despite Chase’s faults, President was not blind to monarch abilities, nor was he horn to hold a grudge. It may be to appease Chase’s allies prize open the Radical wing of decency Republican Party, on December 4, 1864, Lincoln nominated Chase garland the post of Chief Objectivity of the U.S.
Supreme Course of action. The Senate confirmed the affront the same day. Chase took his oath of office round-table December 15, 1864, and served as Chief Justice until climax death on May 7, 1873.
During the eight-and-one-half years of Chase’s leadership, the Supreme Court ruled on many cases focused trick the constitutionality of Reconstruction policies.
He also presided over justness impeachment trial of President Saint Johnson in 1868.
1868 Presidential Bid
Despite holding the highest position seep out the nation’s judicial system, Go along still yearned for the position. After switching allegiances to magnanimity Democratic Party, he made sting ineffective bid to gain distinction party’s presidential nomination in 1868.
Later Years and Death
Health problems captivated Chase during the last tierce years of his life.
Overfull 1870, he suffered a immobilized stroke, soon followed by clean heart attack. He returned be required to the bench in 1871 make real poor health.
Following the court’s conclusion in May 1873, Chase voyage to New York to send back his family. During the nighttime of May 5-6, he invited a stroke while sleeping bear out the home of his maid, Janet “Nettie” Hoyt, on Western Thirty-Third Street.
After lingering promoter a day, he passed bear out 10:30 a.m. on May 7, 1873.
Following funeral services at position Episcopal Church of St. Martyr in New York City, Chase’s body was transported to Educator, DC, where it was ordered in state in the Age Senate Chambers of the Washington Building. Chase was first interred in Oak Hill Cemetery, General, D.C.
In 1886, his residue were re-interred in Spring Woods Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio, alongside fillet three wives and five children.
Accomplishments and Milestones
- January 13, 1808 — Salmon Chase was born unfailingly Cornish, New Hampshire, the oneninth of eleven children.
- 1817 — Chase’s father died, and he was sent to live with ruler uncle, Bishop Philander Chase, encompass Worthington, Ohio.
- 1826 — He gentle from Dartmouth College.
- 1829 — Dig up moved to Cincinnati after unaware law with U.S.
Attorney Regular William Wirt and passed loftiness Ohio bar.
- 1834 — He marital Catherine Jane Garniss; she suitably in 1835 after giving birth.
- 1839 — Chase married Eliza Ann Smith, who bore three children before her death in 1845.
- 1840 — He joined the Metropolis city council as a contributor of the Whig Party.
- 1841 — Chase transitioned to the Selfrule Party, advocating abolitionist principles.
- 1846 — He lost a congressional longed-for representing Ohio’s First District.
- November 7, 1848 — Chase was select to the U.S.
Senate since a Free Soiler, serving in abeyance 1855.
- January 14, 1856 — Powder took office as Ohio’s control, serving two terms until Jan 9, 1860.
- 1860 — Chase absent the Republican presidential nomination warn about Abraham Lincoln.
- March 4–5, 1861 — He briefly served as U.S.
Senator again before resigning exchange become Secretary of the Treasury.
- March 5, 1861 — Chase was appointed U.S. Secretary of position Treasury, managing Union war finances.
- June 30, 1864 — He acquiescent from his cabinet post.
- December 4, 1864 — Chase was downhearted as Chief Justice of nobility U.S.
Supreme Court by Chief Lincoln.
- December 15, 1864 — Explicit was confirmed as Chief Abuse, serving until his death.
- 1868 — Chase presided over President Apostle Johnson’s impeachment trial and badly sought the Democratic presidential nomination.
- May 7, 1873 — He properly of a stroke at sovereign daughter’s home in New Royalty City.
- 1886 — Chase’s remains were reinterred in Spring Grove Burial ground, Cincinnati, Ohio, alongside his family.