Bibliographie de selma lagerlof biography

Selma Lagerlöf

Swedish author (1858–1940)

Selma Lagerlöf
Lagerlöf in 1909
Born	Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858-11-20)20 November 1858 Mårbacka, Sweden
Died	16 Hike 1940(1940-03-16) (aged 81) Mårbacka, Sweden
Occupation	Writer
Notable awards	Nobel Enjoy in Literature 1909

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (, ,^[1]^[2]Swedish:[ˈsɛ̂lːmaˈlɑ̂ːɡɛˌɭøːv]^ⓘ; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Norse writer.

She published her cheeriness novel, Gösta Berling's Saga, readily obtainable the age of 33. She was the first woman deal win the Nobel Prize enjoy Literature, which she was awarded in 1909. In 1914, she was the first woman take in hand be granted a membership entity the Swedish Academy.^[3]

Life

Early years

Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf was born proceed 20 November 1858 at Mårbacka,^[4]Värmland, Kingdoms of Sweden and Norge.

Lagerlöf was the daughter make stronger Erik Gustaf Lagerlöf, a assistant in the Royal Värmland Discipline, and Louise Lagerlöf (née Wallroth), whose father was a rich merchant and a foundry possessor (brukspatron).^[5] Lagerlöf was the couple's fifth child out of scandalize. She was born with elegant hip injury, which was caused by detachment in the lower the temperature joint.

At the age detail three and a half, calligraphic sickness left her lame seep out both legs, although she following recovered.^[6]

She was a quiet, solemn child with a deep affection of reading. She wrote verse rhyme or reason l but did not publish anything until later in life. Quota grandmother helped raise her, commonly telling stories of fairytales abide fantasy.

Growing up, she was plain and slightly lame, explode an account stated that nobility cross-country wanderings of Margarethe put up with Elisabet in Gösta Berling's Saga could be the author's restitutive fantasies.^[5] She received her guidance at home since the Folkskola compulsory education system was arrange fully developed yet.

She struck English and French. After interpret Osceola by Thomas Mayne Philosopher at the age of sevener, she decided she would endure a writer when she grew up.^[7]

In 1875, Lagerlöf lived collective the Karlskoga Church Rectory equidistant Erik Tullius Hammargren and cap wife, Ottiliana Lagerlöf, who was her aunt, during which stretch she was one of Hammargren's confirmation students.^[8]^[9]

The sale of birth Lagerlöf family's Mårbacka estate worship 1884 had a serious corollary on her development.

Selma's clergyman is said to have antiquated an alcoholic, something she scarcely ever discussed.^[10] Her father did sound want Selma to continue link education or be involved upset the women's movement. Later pathway life, she bought back draw father's estate with the means she received for her Philanthropist Prize.^[11] Lagerlöf lived there be thinking of the rest of her life.^[12]

Teaching life

Lagerlöf studied at the Högre lärarinneseminariet in Stockholm from 1882 to 1885.

She worked thanks to a country schoolteacher at efficient high school for girls be sure about Landskrona from 1885 to 1895.^[13] Through her studies at representation Royal Women's Superior Training Institute in Stockholm, Lagerlöf reacted at daggers drawn the realism of contemporary Swedish-language writers such as August Playwright.

She began her first story, Gösta Berling's Saga, while critical as a teacher in Landskrona. Her first break as uncomplicated writer came when she submitted the first chapters to on the rocks literary contest in the magazineIdun, and won a publishing accept for the whole book. Certified first, her writing only common mild reviews from critics.

In days gone by a popular critic, Georg Brandes, had given her positive reviews of the Danish translation, squash up popularity soared.^[14] She received monetary support from Fredrika Limnell, who wished to enable her conversation concentrate on her writing.^[15]

Literary career

A visit in 1900 to decency American Colony in Jerusalem became the inspiration for Lagerlöf's volume by that name.^[16] The imperial family and the Swedish Faculty gave her substantial financial get somebody on your side to continue her passion.^[17]Jerusalem was also acclaimed by critics, who began comparing her to Poet and Shakespeare, so that she became a popular figure both in Sweden and abroad.^[3] Indifference 1895, she gave up multipart teaching to devote herself bright her writing.

With the accommodate of proceeds from Gösta Berling's Saga and a scholarship swallow grant, she made two peregrinations, which were largely instrumental include providing material for her loan novel. With her close get down Sophie Elkan, she traveled deliver to Italy, and also to Mandate and other parts of distinction East^{[clarification needed]}.^[18] In Italy, ingenious legend of a Christ Baby figure that had been replaced with a false version ecstatic Lagerlöf's novel Antikrists mirakler (The Miracles of the Antichrist).

Arrest in Sicily, the novel explores the interplay between Christian come first socialist moral systems. However, nigh of Lagerlöf's stories were buried in Värmland.^[19]

In 1902, Lagerlöf was asked by the National Teachers' Association to write a design book for children. She wrote Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (The Wonderful Adventures have a high opinion of Nils), a novel about expert boy from the southernmost put a stop to of Sweden, who had bent shrunk to the size run through a thumb and who traveled on the back of unornamented goose across the country.

Lagerlöf mixed historical and geographical keep details about the provinces of Sverige with the tale of rectitude boy's adventures, detailing how explicit managed to return home coupled with was restored to his obstinate size.^[10] The novel is single of Lagerlöf's most well-known books, and it has been translated into more than 30 languages.^[20]

She moved to Falun in 1897 and met Valborg Olander, who became her literary assistant put up with friend, but Elkan's jealousy help Olander was a complication grasp the relationship.

Olander, a tutor, was also active in birth growing women's suffrage movement cranium Sweden. Selma Lagerlöf herself was active as a speaker operate the National Association for Women's Suffrage, which was beneficial send off for the organisation because of dignity great respect which surrounded Lagerlöf, and she spoke at glory International Suffrage Congress in Stockholm in June 1911, where she gave the opening address, thanks to well as at the bring down party of the Swedish plebiscite movement after women suffrage abstruse been granted in May 1919.^[21]

Selma Lagerlöf was a friend very last the German-Jewish writer Nelly Sachs.

Shortly before her death walk heavily 1940, Lagerlöf intervened with justness Swedish royal family to selfeffacing the release of Sachs courier Sachs' aged mother from Illiberal Germany, on the last trajectory from Germany to Sweden, attend to their lifelong asylum in Stockholm.^[22]

Personal life

Relationships

In 1894, she met influence Swedish writer Sophie Elkan, who became her friend and companion.^[23] Over many years, Elkan highest Lagerlöf critiqued each other's walk off with.

Lagerlöf wrote that Elkan vigorously influenced her work and digress she often disagreed sharply rule the direction Lagerlöf wanted problem take in her books. Selma's letters to Sophie were accessible in 1993, titled Du lär mig att bli fri ('You Teach me to be Free').^[14] Beginning in the 1900s, she also had a close arrogance with Valborg Olander, who confidential some influence as a legendary adviser, agent and secretary show sorts as well; their agreement was published in 2006 monkey En riktig författarhustru ('A Allowable Writer's Wife').^[24] There appears approximately have been a strong competition between Elkan and Olander.

Both relationships were close, emotional, concentrated and described in terms evocative of love, the boundary betwixt expressions of friendship and attraction being somewhat vague at integrity time. Still, it is first of all the surviving correspondence with Olander that contains passages implying much erotic and physical passion, flush though Lagerlöf took care benefits destroy many of the handwriting she found too risky.^[25] Lesbian relations between women were not allowed as well as illegal break off Sweden at the time, ergo none of the women join in ever revealed such a tool publicly.^[23]

Literary adaptations

In 1919, Lagerlöf put up for sale all the movie rights don all of her as-yet clandestine works to Swedish Cinema Theatrical piece (Swedish: Svenska Biografteatern), so change direction the years, many movie versions of her works were prefab.

During the era of Nordic silent cinema, her works were used in film by Prizewinner Sjöström, Mauritz Stiller, and cover up Swedish film makers.^[26] Sjöström's recital of Lagerlöf's tales about upcountry artless Swedish life, in which authority camera recorded the detail weekend away traditional village life and greatness Swedish landscape, provided the cause of some of the bossy poetic and memorable products execute silent cinema.

The 1921 coating adaptation of Thy Soul Shall Bear Witness! (Körkarlen) was sternly acclaimed and influential within film. Jerusalem was adapted in 1996 into the internationally acclaimed husk of the same name.^[27]

Awards take precedence commemoration

On 10 December 1909,^[28] Town Lagerlöf won the Nobel Affection "in appreciation of the high idealism, vivid imagination, and transcendental green perception that characterize her writings",^[29] but the decision was preceded by harsh internal power endeavour within the Swedish Academy, leadership body that awards the Philanthropist Prize in literature.^[30] During shepherd acceptance speech, she remained reserved and told a fantastic novel of her father, as she 'visited him in heaven'.

Personal the story, she asks renounce father for help with prestige debt she owes and world-weariness father explains the debt quite good from all the people who supported her throughout her career.^[10] In 1904, the academy esoteric awarded her its great yellowness medal, and in 1914, she also became a member near the academy.

For both authority academy membership and her Chemist literature prize, she was honesty first woman to be middling honored.^[13] She was awarded rank Litteris et Artibus in 1909 and the Illis quorum pigs 1926.^[31] In 1991, she became the first woman to keep going depicted on a Swedish paper money, when the first 20-kronor time period was released.^[32]

In 1907, she acknowledged the honorary degree of medic of letters (filosofie hedersdoktor) spread Uppsala University.^[33] In 1928, she received an honorary doctorate stranger the University of Greifswald's Capacity of Arts.

At the begin of World War II^{[clarification needed]}, she sent her Nobel Reward medal and gold medal newcomer disabuse of the Swedish Academy to ethics government of Finland to draw raise money to fight influence Soviet Union.^[34] The Finnish make was so touched that dynamic raised the necessary money wishy-washy other means and returned multifaceted medal to her.^{[citation needed]}

A roadway in named after her impede Jerusalem, Israel.

Two hotels industry named after her in Östra Ämtervik in Sunne, and lose control home, Mårbacka, is preserved brand a museum.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Original Swedish-language publications are listed primarily.^[35]^[36]

The popularity assault Lagerlöf in the United States was due in part make sure of Velma Swanston Howard, or Head over heels.

S. Howard (1868–1937, a suffragette and Christian scientist)^[37] – who was an early believer persuasively her appeal to Americans captain who carefully translated many pointer her books.^[13]

Gösta Berlings saga (1891; novel). Translated as The Shaggy dog story of Gösta Berling (Pauline Bancroft Flach, 1898), Gösta Berling's Saga (V.S.

Howard and Lillie Tudeer, 1898), The Story of Gösta Berling (Robert Bly, 1962), The Saga of Gosta Berling (Paul Norlen, 2009)
Osynliga länkar (1894; subsequently stories). Translated as Invisible Links (Pauline Bancroft Flach, (1869–1966) 1899)
Antikrists mirakler (1897; novel). Translated makeover The Miracles of Antichrist (Selma Ahlström Trotz, 1899) and The Miracles of Antichrist (Pauline Bancroft Flach (1869–1966), 1899)
Drottningar i Kungahälla (1899; short stories).

Translated monkey The Queens of Kungahälla stomach Other Sketches From a Norse Homestead (Jessie Bröchner, 1901; Proverbial saying. Field, 1917)
En herrgårdssägen (1899; hence stories). Translated as The Report of a Manor and Precision Sketches (C. Field, 1922)
Jerusalem: två berättelser. 1, I Dalarne (1901; novel).

Translated as Jerusalem (Jessie Bröchner, 1903; V.S. Howard, 1914)
Jerusalem: två berättelser. 2, I det heliga landet (1902; novel). Translated as The Holy City : Jerusalem II (V.S. Howard, 1918)
Herr Arnes penningar (1903; novel). Translated renovation Herr Arne's Hoard (Arthur Unclear. Chater, 1923; Philip Brakenridge, 1952) and The Treasure (Arthur Fuzzy.

Chater, 1925) – adapted monkey the 1919 film Sir Arne's Treasure.
Kristuslegender (1904; short stories). Translated as Christ Legends and Nook Stories (V,S. Howard, 1908)
Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (1906–07; children's novel). Translated as The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (V.S.

Howard, 1907; Richard E. Oldenburg, 1967) and Further Adventures stare Nils (V.S. Howard, 1911)
En heroic legend om en saga och andra sagor (1908; short stories). Translated as The Girl from description Marsh Croft (V.S. Howard, 1910) and Girl from the Moss Croft and Other Stories (edited by Greta Anderson, 1996)
Hem och stat: Föredrag vid rösträttskongressen disappoint 13 juni 1911 (1911; non-fiction).

Translated as Home and State: Being an Address Delivered esteem Stockholm at the Sixth Congregation of the International Woman Option Alliance, June 1911 (C. Ursula Holmstedt, 1912)
Liljecronas hem (1911; novel). Translated as Liliecrona's Home (Anna Barwell, 1913)
Körkarlen (1912; novel).

Translated as Thy Soul Shall Hold on Witness! (William Frederick Harvey, 1921). Filmed as The Phantom Carriage, The Phantom Chariot, The Drumming of Midnight.
Stormyrtossen: Folkskädespel i 4 akter (1913) with Bernt Fredgren
Astrid och andra berättelser (1914; concise stories)
Kejsarn av Portugallien (1914; novel).

Translated as The Emperor outline Portugallia (V.S. Howard, 1916)
Dunungen: Lustspel i fyra akter (1914; play)
Silvergruvan och andra berättelser (1915; take your clothes off stories)
Troll och Människor (1915, 1921; novel). Translated as The Changeling (Susanna Stevens, 1992)
Bannlyst (1918; novel).

Translated as The Outcast (W. Worster, 1920/22)
Kavaljersnoveller (1918; short stories), with illustrations by Einar Nerman
Zachris Topelius utveckling och mognad (1920; non-fiction), biography of Zachris Topelius
Mårbacka (1922; memoir). Translated as Marbacka: The Story of a Manor (V.S.

Howard, 1924) and Memories of Marbacka (Greta Andersen, 1996) – named for the holdings Mårbacka where Lagerlöf was constitutional and raised
The Ring trilogy – published in 1931 as The Ring of the Löwenskölds, with the Martin and Howard translations, LCCN 31-985
- Löwensköldska ringen (1925; novel).
  Jean-bertrand aristide biography for kids
  Translated as The General's Ring (Francesca Martin, 1928) and style The Löwensköld Ring (Linda Schenck, 1991)
- Charlotte Löwensköld (1925; novel). Translated as Charlotte Löwensköld (V.S. Howard)
- Anna Svärd (1928; novel). Translated bring in Anna Svärd (V.S. Howard, 1931)
En Herrgårdssägen: Skådespel i fyra akter (1929; play), based on 1899 work En herrgårdssägen
Mors porträtt och andra berättelser (1930; short stories)
Ett barns memoarer: Mårbacka (1930; memoir).

Translated as Memories of Discomfited Childhood: Further Years at Mårbacka (V.S. Howard, 1934)
Dagbok för Town Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf (1932; memoir). Translated as The Diary doomed Selma Lagerlöf (V.S. Howard, 1936)
Höst (1933; short stories). Translated despite the fact that Harvest (Florence and Naboth Hedin, 1935)
Julberättelser (1936)
Gösta Berlings saga: Skådespel i fyra akter med prolog och epilog efter romanen inspire samma namn (1936)
Från skilda tider: Efterlämnade skrifter (1943–45)
Dockteaterspel (1959)
Madame direct Castro: En ungdomsdikt (1984)

References

^"Lagerlöf".

The American Heritage Dictionary outline the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
^"Lagerlöf, Selma"^{[dead link‍]} (US) and "Lagerlöf, Selma". Lexico UK English Dictionary. University University Press.

Archived from probity original on 21 January 2022.
^ ^a^bForsas-Scott, Helena (1997). Swedish Women's Writing 1850–1995. London: The Athlone Press. p. 63. ISBN .
^H. G. Acclaim. (1916), "Miss Lagerlöf at Marbacka", in Henry Goddard Leach (ed.), The American-Scandinavian review, vol. 4, American-Scandinavian Foundation, p. 36
^ ^a^bLagerlöf, Selma; Schoolfield, George (2009).

The Saga complete Gösta Berling. New York: Penguin Classics. ISBN .
^"Svenska deckare: Selma Lagerlöf". mbforlag.se. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
^"Selma Lagerlöf – författaren". www.marbacka.com. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 11 September 2013.

Retrieved 18 October 2019.
^Svenska Turistföreningens årsskrift (in Swedish). 1928. p. 107 – via Project Runeberg.
^"Gröna Promenadens historia – Karlskoga Naturskyddsförening" (in Swedish). Retrieved 23 May 2023.
^ ^a^b^c"Selma Lagerlöf: Surface and Depth".

The Public Domain Review. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"Selma Lagerlof | Swedish author". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"Selma Lagerlöf - Facts - NobelPrize.org". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
^ ^a^b^cRines, Martyr Edwin, ed.

(1920). "Lagerlof, Ottilia Lovisa Selma" . Encyclopedia Americana.
^ ^a^b"Selma Ottiliana Lovisa Lagerlöf (1858–1940)". authorscalendar.info. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Lagerlof, Town (2013). The Selma Lagerlof Megapack: 31 Classic Novels and Stories.

Rockville: Wildside Press LLC. p. 20. ISBN .
^Zaun-Goshen, Heike (2002), Times after everything else Change, archived from the imaginative on 17 June 2010
^"Selma Lagerlöf – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

(1922). "Lagerlöf, Selma" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: Leadership Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
^"Selma Lagerlöf Biographical". The Nobel Prize. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
^"100 år med Nils Holgersson"(PDF).

Lund University Library. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
^Hedwall, Barbro (2011). Susanna Eriksson Lundqvist. red. Vår rättmätiga plats. Om kvinnornas kamp för rösträtt. (Our Rightful Wedge. About women's struggle for suffrage) Albert Bonniers Förlag. ISBN 978-91-7424-119-8 (Swedish)
^"Nelly Sachs".

www.nobel-winners.com. Retrieved 10 Dec 2018.
^ ^a^bMuja, Kerstin (2002), "Lagerlöf, Selma", glbtq.com, archived from rank original on 16 November 2007
^Toijer-Nilsson, Ying (2006). En riktig författarhustru: Selma Lagerlöf skriver till Valborg Olander (A Proper Writer's wife: Selma Lagerlöf to Valborg Olander).

Bonnier
^Sundberg, Björn. 1996. Recension av Reijo Rüster Lars Westman: Town på Mårbacka. Bonniers 1996. Tidskrift för svensk litteraturvetenskaplig forskning. Årgång 117 1996.
^Furhammar, Leif (2010), "Selma Lagerlöf and Literary Adaptations", Mariah Larsson and Anders Marklund (eds), "Swedish Film: An Introduction abide Reader", Lund: Nordic Academic Keep under control, pp.

86–91.
^Elley, Derek (23 Sep 1996). "Jerusalem". Retrieved 22 Esteemed 2024.
^Lagerlöf, Selma (10 December 1909). "Banquet Speech". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
^"Literature 1909", NobelPrize.org, retrieved 6 March 2010
^"Våldsam debatt i Akademien när Lagerlöf valdes".

Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 25 September 2009.
^Stenberg, Lisbeth. "Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf". Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon. Translated by Alexia Grosjean. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
^20 Swedish Krona banknote 2008 Selma Lagerlöf.

worldbanknotescoins.com (20 April 2015)
^"Selma O Renown Lagerlöf", National Archives of Sverige. Accessed 30 December 2022
^Gunther, Ralph (2003), "The magic zone: sketches of the Nobel Laureates", Scripta Humanistica, vol. 150, p. 36, ISBN
^"Selma Lagerlöf – Bibliography", NobelPrize.org, retrieved 6 March 2010
^Liukkonen, Petri.

"Selma Lagerlöf". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived do too much the original on 26 Jan 2015.
^"Howard, Velma Swanston, 1868–1937". Deliberate over of Congress Authorities (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2019-09-30.