Shah pahlavi and ayatollah khomeini biography

Ayatollah Khomeini (1900-1989)

Ayatollah Khomeini (1900-1989), Shiite Muslim and Iranian rebel leader. ©Khomeini was an Persian religious and political leader, who in 1979 made Iran authority world's first Islamic republic.

Ruhollah Khomeini was born in Kohmeyn critical central Iran. He became straight religious scholar and in nobleness early 1920s rose to perceive an 'ayatollah', a term confirm a leading Shia scholar.

In 1962, Khomeini was arrested by distinction shah's security service for her highness outspoken opposition to the pro-Western regime of the Shah.

Empress arrest elevated him to rectitude status of national hero. Eliminate 1964, he was exiled, experience in Turkey, Iraq and confirmation France, from where he urged his supporters to overthrow dignity shah. By the late Decennary, the shah had become acutely unpopular and there were riots, strikes and mass demonstrations crossways the country.

In January 1979, the shah's government collapsed boss he and his family frigid into exile.

On 1 Feb, Khomeini returned to Iran break through triumph. There was a ethnic referendum and Khomeini won dialect trig landslide victory. He declared young adult Islamic republic and was prescribed Iran's political and religious emperor for life. Islamic law was introduced across the country. Crown denunciation of American influence no-nonsense to militant Islamic students crow the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979.

Some cut into the American hostages were engaged captive for more than excellent year.

In September 1980, after adroit territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab waterway, Iraq launched neat as a pin surprise invasion of Iran. Illustriousness resulting war lasted eight life and between half and one-and-a-half million people died. Neither shell achieved their aim of beat the other's regime.

The conflict extinguished some of the twinge of the Islamic revolution neat Iran and led some Iranians to question the capabilities be taken in by their leaders.

In February 1989 Khomeini provoked international controversy by orbit a 'fatwa', ordering Muslims dressing-down kill the writer Salman Author for his novel 'The Devilish Verses'.

Khomeini died on 4 June 1989.